Intelligence Report, 12/17/01

Intelligence Report, 12/17/01

17 DECEMBER 2001

This report is provided as a guide to Industry and Law Enforcement to stay informed of security issues within the MSO Mobile Area of Operations

The Bin Laden Transcripts

MSO Mobile Intelligence Comment:

In recent months there have been small video clips of Usama Bin Laden (UBL) making their way to the public airways. Concern was generated because of possible signals or messages being transmitted to Al Qaeda followers. This office believes those concerns to be probable. A review of three of the tapes to be published displayed some inconsistencies of bin laden. In three videos released, each video is different. The watch switches from left wrist to right wrist and back, and there are, or are not, rings on the finger, and the finger positions are markedly different. An individual may or may not choose to wear a ring on a certain day. Although, how often does a person choose to wear a watch on the other wrist? Analysis continues.

The Transcript

In mid-November, Usama Bin Laden spoke to a room of supporters, possibly in Kandahar, Afghanistan. These comments were video taped with the knowledge of Bin Laden and all present. The tape is approximately one hour long and contains three different segments: an original taping of a visit by some people to the site of the downed U.S. helicopter in Ghazni province (approximately 12 minutes long); and two segments documenting a courtesy visit by Bin Laden and his lieutenants to an unidentified Shaykh, who appears crippled from the waist down. The visit apparently takes place at a guesthouse in Kandahar. The sequence of the events is reversed on the tape- the end of his visit is in the beginning of the tape with the helicopter site visit in the middle and the start of the Usama bin Laden visit beginning approximately 39 minutes into the tape. The tape is transcribed below according to the proper sequence of events. Due to the quality of the original tape, it is NOT a verbatim transcript of every word spoken during the meeting, but does convey the messages and information flow.

Shaykh: (...inaudible...) You have given us weapons, you have given us hope and we thank Allah for you. We don't want to take much of your time, but this is the arrangement of the brothers. People now are supporting us more, even those ones who did not support us in the past, support us more now. I did not want to take that much of your time. We praise Allah, we praise Allah. We came from Kabul. We were very pleased to visit. May Allah bless you both at home and the camp. We asked the driver to take us, it was a night with a full moon, thanks be to Allah. Believe me it is not in the country side. The elderly...everybody praises what you did, the great action you did, which was first and foremost by the grace of Allah. This is the guidance of Allah and the blessed fruit of jihad.

UBL: Thanks to Allah. What is the stand of the Mosques there (in Saudi Arabia)?

Shaykh: Honestly, they are very positive. Shaykh Al-Bahrani (phonetic) gave a good sermon in his class after the sunset prayers. It was videotaped and I was supposed to carry it with me, but unfortunately, I had to leave immediately.

UBL: The day of the events?

Shaykh: At the exact time of the attack on America, precisely at the time. He (Bahrani) gave a very impressive sermon. Thanks be to Allah for his blessings. He (Bahrani) was the first one to write at war time. I visited him twice in Al-Qasim.

UBL: Thanks be to Allah.

Shaykh: This is what I asked from Allah. He (Bahrani) told the youth: “You are asking for martyrdom and wonder where you should go (for martyrdom)?” Allah was inciting them to go. I asked Allah to grant me to witness the truth in front of the unjust ruler. We ask Allah to protect him and give him the martyrdom, after he issued the first fatwa.

Shaykh: He was detained for interrogation, as you know. When he was called in and asked to sign, he told them, "don't waste my time, I have another fatwa. If you want me, I can sign both at the same time."

UBL: Thanks be to Allah.

Shaykh: His position is really very encouraging. When I paid him the first visit about a year and half ago, he asked me, “How is Shaykh Bin-Ladin?” He sends you his special regards. As far as Shaykh Sulayman `Ulwan is concerned, he gave a beautiful fatwa, may Allah bless him. Miraculously, I heard it on the Quran radio station. It was strange because he (`Ulwan) sacrificed his position, which is equivalent to a director. It was transcribed word-by-word. The brothers listened to it in detail. I briefly heard it before the noon prayers. He (`Ulwan) said this was jihad and those people were not innocent people (World Trade Center and Pentagon victims). He swore to Allah. This was transmitted to Shaykh Sulayman Al ((`Umar)) Allah bless him.

UBL: What about Shaykh Al-((Rayan))?

Shaykh: Honestly, I did not meet with him. My movements were truly limited.

UBL: Allah bless you. You are welcome.

Shaykh: (Describing the trip to the meeting) They smuggled us and then I thought that we would be in different caves inside the mountains so I was surprised at the guest house and that it is very clean and comfortable. Thanks be to Allah, we also learned that this location is safe, by Allah's blessings. The place is clean and we are very comfortable.

UBL: (...Inaudible...) when people see a strong horse and a weak horse, by nature, they will like the strong horse. This is only one goal; those who want people to worship the lord of the people, without following that doctrine, will be following the doctrine of Muhammad, peace be upon him. (UBL quotes several short and incomplete Hadith verses, as follows):

“I was ordered to fight the people until they say there is no god but Allah, and his prophet Muhammad.”

“Some people may ask: why do you want to fight us?”

“There is an association between those who say: I believe in one god and Muhammad is his prophet, and those who don't (...inaudible...)

“Those who do not follow the true fight. The fight of Muhammad, the real fight. They are just accepting what is being said at face value.”

UBL: Those youth who conducted the operations did not accept any fight in the popular terms, but they accepted the fight that the prophet Muhammad brought. Those young men (...inaudible...) said in deeds, in New York and Washington, speeches that overshadowed all other speeches made everywhere else in the world. The speeches are understood by both Arabs and non-Arabs-even by Chinese. It is above all the media said. Some of them said that in Holland, at one of the centers, the number of people who accepted Islam during the days that followed the operations were more than the people who accepted Islam in the last eleven years. I heard someone on Islamic radio who owns a school in America say: “We don't have time to keep up with the demands of those who are asking about Islamic books to learn about Islam.” This event made people think (about true Islam) which benefited Islam greatly.

Shaykh: Hundreds of people used to doubt you and few only would follow you until this huge event happened. Now hundreds of people are coming out to join you. I remember a vision by Shaykh Salih Al-((Shuaybi)). He said: “There will be a great hit and people will go out by hundreds to Afghanistan.” I asked him (Salih): “To Afghanistan?” He replied, “Yes.” According to him, the only ones who stay behind will be the mentally impotent and the liars (hypocrites). I remembered his saying that hundreds of people will go out to Afghanistan. He had this vision a year ago. This event discriminated between the different types of followers.

UBL: (...Inaudible...) we calculated in advance the number of casualties from the enemy, who would be killed based on the position of the tower. We calculated that the floors that would be hit would be three or four floors. I was the most optimistic of them all. (...Inaudible...) due to my experience in this field, I was thinking that the fire from the gas in the plane would melt the iron structure of the building and collapse the area where the plane hit and all the floors above it only. This is all that we had hoped for.

Shaykh: Allah be praised.

UBL: We were at (...inaudible...) when the event took place. We had notification since the previous Thursday that the event would take place that day. We had finished our work that day and had the radio on. It was 5:30 p.m. our time. I was sitting with Dr. Ahmad Abu-al-((Khair)). Immediately, we heard the news that a plane had hit the World Trade Center. We turned the radio station to the news from Washington. The news continued and no mention of the attack until the end. At the end of the newscast, they reported that a plane just hit the World Trade Center.

Shaykh: Allah be praised.

UBL: After a little while, they announced that another plane had hit the World Trade Center. The brothers who heard the news were overjoyed by it.

Shaykh: I listened to the news and I was sitting. We didn't...we were not thinking about anything, and all of a sudden, Allah willing, we were talking about how come we didn't have anything, and all of a sudden the news came and everyone was overjoyed and everyone until the next day, in the morning, was talking about what was happening and we stayed until four o'clock, listening to the news every time a little bit different, everyone was very joyous and saying “Allah is great,” “Allah is great,” “We are thankful to Allah,” “Praise Allah.” And I was happy for the happiness of my brothers. That day the congratulations were coming on the phone non-stop. The mother was receiving phone calls continuously. Thank Allah. Allah is great, praise be to Allah.

(Quoting the verse from the Quran)

Shaykh: “Fight them, Allah will torture them, with your hands, he will torture them. He will deceive them and he will give you victory. Allah will forgive the believers, he is knowledgeable about everything.”

Shaykh: No doubt it is a clear victory. Allah has bestowed on us...honor on us...and he will give us blessing and more victory during this holy month of Ramadan. And this is what everyone is hoping for. Thank Allah America came out of its caves. We hit her the first hit and the next one will hit her with the hands of the believers, the good believers, the strong believers. By Allah it is a great work. Allah prepares for you a great reward for this work. I'm sorry to speak in your presence, but it is just thoughts, just thoughts. By Allah, who there is no god but him. I live in happiness, happiness...I have not experienced, or felt, in a long time. I remember, the words of Al-Rabbani, he said they made a coalition against us in the winter with the infidels like the Turks, and others, and some other Arabs. And they surrounded us like the days...in the days of the prophet Muhammad. Exactly like what's happening right now. But he comforted his followers and said, "This is going to turn and hit them back." And it is a mercy for us. And a blessing to us. And it will bring people back. Look how wise he was. And Allah will give him blessing. And the day will come when the symbols of Islam will rise up and it will be similar to the early days of Al-Mujahedeen and Al-Ansar (similar to the early years of Islam). And victory to those who follow Allah. Finally said, if it is the same, like the old days, such as Abu Bakr and Othman and Ali and others. In these days, in our times, that it will be the greatest jihad in the history of Islam and the resistance of the wicked people.

Shaykh: By Allah my Shaykh. We congratulate you for the great work. Thank Allah.

Tape ends here

Second segment of Bin Laden's visit, shows up at the front of the tape

UBL: Abdallah Azzam, Allah bless his soul, told me not to record anything (...inaudible...) so I thought that was a good omen, and Allah will bless us (...inaudible...). Abu-Al-Hasan Al-((Masri)), who appeared on Al-Jazeera TV a couple of days ago and addressed the Americans saying: “If you are true men, come down here and face us.”

(...inaudible...) He told me a year ago: “I saw in a dream, we were playing a soccer game against the Americans. When our team showed up in the field, they were all pilots!” He said: “So I wondered if that was a soccer game or a pilot game? Our players were pilots.” He (Abu-Al-Hasan) didn't know anything about the operation until he heard it on the radio. He said the game went on and we defeated them. That was a good omen for us.

Shaykh: May Allah be blessed.

Unidentified Man Off Camera: Abd Al Rahman Al-(Ghamri) said he saw a vision, before the operation, a plane crashed into a tall building. He knew nothing about it.

Shaykh: May Allah be blessed!

Sulayman ((Abu Guaith)): I was sitting with the Shaykh in a room, then I left to go to another room where there was a TV set. The TV broadcasted the big event. The scene was showing an Egyptian family sitting in their living room, they exploded with joy. Do you know when there is a soccer game and your team wins, it was the same expression of joy. There was a subtitle that read: “In revenge for the children of Al Aqsa', Usama Bin Ladin executes an operation against America.” So I went back to the Shaykh (meaning UBL) who was sitting in a room with 50 to 60 people. I tried to tell him about what I saw, but he made gesture with his hands, meaning: “I know, I know…”

UBL: He did not know about the operation. Not everybody knew (...inaudible...) Muhammad ((Atta)) from the Egyptian family (meaning the Al Qa'ida Egyptian group), was in charge of the group.

Shaykh: A plane crashing into a tall building was out of anyone's imagination. This was a great job. He was one of the pious men in the organization. He became a martyr. Allah bless his soul.

Shaykh (Referring to dreams and visions): The plane that he saw crashing into the building was seen before by more than one person. One of the good religious people has left everything and come here. He told me, “I saw a vision, I was in a huge plane, long and wide. I was carrying it on my shoulders and I walked from the road to the desert for half a kilometer. I was dragging the plane.” I listened to him and I prayed to Allah to help him. Another person told me that last year he saw, but I didn't understand and I told him I don't understand. He said, “I saw people who left for jihad...and they found themselves in New York...in Washington and New York.” I said, “What is this?” He told me the plane hit the building. That was last year. We haven't thought much about it. But, when the incidents happened he came to me and said, “Did you see...this is strange.” I have another man...my god...he said and swore by Allah that his wife had seen the

incident a week earlier. She saw the plane crashing into a building...that was unbelievable, my god.

UBL: The brothers, who conducted the operation, all they knew was that they have a martyrdom operation and we asked each of them to go to America but they didn't know anything about the operation, not even one letter. But they were trained and we did not reveal the operation to them until they are there and just before they boarded the planes.

UBL: (...inaudible...) then he said: Those who were trained to fly didn't know the others. One group of people did not know the other group. (...inaudible...)

(Someone in the crowd asks UBL to tell the Shaykh about the dream of ((Abu-Da'ud)).

UBL: We were at a camp of one of the brother's guards in Qandahar. This brother belonged to the majority of the group. He came close and told me that he saw, in a dream, a tall building in America, and in the same dream he saw Mukhtar teaching them how to play karate. At that point, I was worried that maybe the secret would be revealed if everyone starts seeing it in their dream. So I closed the subject. I told him if he sees another dream, not to tell anybody, because people will be upset with him. (Another person's voice can be heard recounting his dream about two planes hitting a big building).

UBL: They were overjoyed when the first plane hit the building, so I said to them: be patient.

UBL: The difference between the first and the second plane hitting the towers was twenty minutes. And the difference between the first plane and the plane that hit the Pentagon was one hour.

Shaykh: They (the Americans) were terrified thinking there was a coup. [Note: Ayman Al-Zawahri says first he commended UBL's awareness of what the media is saying. Then he says it was the first time for them (Americans) to feel danger coming at them.]

UBL (reciting a poem):

I witness that against the sharp blade

They always faced difficulties and stood together...

When the darkness comes upon us and we are bit by a

Sharp tooth, I say...

“Our homes are flooded with blood and the tyrant

Is freely wandering in our homes”...

And from the battlefield vanished

The brightness of swords and the horses...

And over weeping sounds now

We hear the beats of drums and rhythm…

They are storming his forts

And shouting: “We will not stop our raids

Until you free our lands”...

Bin Laden visit footage complete. Footage of the visit to the helicopter site follows the poem.

(Transcript and annotations independently prepared by George Michael, translator, Diplomatic Language Services; and Dr. Kassem M. Wahba, Arabic language program coordinator, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University. They collaborated on their translation and compared it with translations done by the U.S. government for consistency. There were no inconsistencies in the translations.)

Pakistani Nuclear Experts May Have Link

The United States is investigating new intelligence reports of contacts between Pakistani nuclear weapons scientists and the Taliban or the terrorist network Al Qaeda, according to Pakistani and U.S. officials. More than a month ago, Pakistan detained and interrogated two nuclear scientists who had contacts with the Taliban and Al Qaeda, but neither had any knowledge or expertise that would have helped terrorists build or obtain a nuclear weapon, the officials said. Since then, however, American and Pakistani officials have received new reports of other possible contacts involving scientists with actual experience in production of nuclear weapons and related technology.

The officials in the United States and Pakistan offered different, and sometimes conflicting, accounts of the nature of these contacts and who might be involved. But American officials said the intelligence was credible enough for them to focus new concern on the security of Pakistan's weapons program. Pakistani officials said their government was resisting some of the American efforts to interrogate several of the scientists and engineers, for fear that the intelligence reports may be a ploy by Washington to learn details of Pakistan's secret nuclear program.

According to Pakistani officials and news reports in Pakistan in recent days, the United States has asked that two other nuclear experts, Suleiman Asad and Mohammed Ali Mukhtar, with long experience at two of Pakistan's most secret nuclear installations, be questioned. Pakistani officials said that George Tenet, the director of the Central Intelligence Agency, discussed this issue with top Pakistani officials while he was in the country at the beginning of the month.

So far, U.S. officials say, the Bush administration does not believe al Qaeda has a nuclear weapon, despite its clear desire to obtain one. According to General Tommy Franks, the commander heading U.S. operations in Afghanistan, "We have not yet found evidence of weapons of mass destruction in the sites that we have been in." But officials in Washington remain concerned that Al Qaeda cells elsewhere may be searching for enough material to make a "dirty bomb," in which radioactive material would be wrapped around a conventional explosive and detonated, spreading nuclear contamination over a large area.

Two Pakistani nuclear scientists who have been detained and questioned by Pakistan did meet with Taliban and Al Qaeda officials in Afghanistan to discuss nuclear issues. But the scientists, Sultan Bashiruddin Mahmood and Chaudry Abdul Majeed, were not weapons experts, U.S. officials believe.

But in the interrogations, one of the two scientists mentioned that he had a personal relationship with a Pakistani, and that the man had also been in contact with the Taliban, a U.S. official said. U.S. intelligence officials said they believe they have identified the man as a weapons expert who has left the Pakistani program and is now in business.

While unable to confirm that account, other U.S. reports suggest previously undisclosed connections between Pakistani nuclear weapons experts and the Taliban or Al Qaeda. American and Pakistani officials said that at least some of the scientists the United States is worried about have been involved in the complex of top-secret nuclear facilities south of Islamabad.

(Source: IHT)

Security Begins with You

If you observe individuals attempting unauthorized access to your facility contact the local authorities immediately. Then inform the US Coast Guard Intelligence Division at:

(251) 441-5755

24hrs at: 441-5121

A Look at the Terrorist Organization

In last week's report an explanation of the motivating factors of the terrorist was provided. This week we begin to look at the organizational structure of a terrorist cell and typical methods of operation.

Terrorists organize to function in the environments where they carry out their acts. Organizational details are situation-specific. There are, however, a few general organizational principles. Because terrorists must operate in a hostile environment, security is their primary concern. Security is best served by a cellular structure in which members do not know and cannot identify more than a few of their colleagues in the event of capture or defection. Defection is rare in most groups; defectors or even dissenters are frequently killed or maimed. Yet, terrorists are not immune to human weaknesses. Unless a charismatic leader unites them, terrorists are affected by group dynamics that produce both problems and opportunities for security forces. Opportunities arise because internal dissension causes security leaks; problems arise because operational patterns may change as different factions prevail.

Terrorist groups that are not supported by a government usually create a support structure of sympathizers and people who have been coerced into helping them. The support structure may comprise active and passive members. It furnishes the active terrorists with logistic support, intelligence, dissemination of propaganda, recruiting, and money.

Terrorist recruitment and training are, predictably, security-sensitive. Among groups that are not ethnic-based, the usual sources of recruits are high school and college students who show commitment to the cause. Ethnically based terrorist groups recruit new members personally known to them, people whose backgrounds are known and who often have family ties to the organization. Intelligence penetration of organizations recruited in this way is extremely difficult.

Terrorist training varies considerably. Those with military experience or who have received prolonged training at sophisticated facilities are the equals of most state security forces. At the other end of the spectrum are "throw away" operatives who get little more than inspirational talks before being activated. Typical training includes instruction in the use of small arms and explosives along with intelligence collection and indoctrination in the group's cause.

Contemporary terrorist actions include the traditional assassinations, bombings, arson, hostage taking, hijacking, kidnapping, seizure and occupation of a building, attacks on a facility, sabotage, and perpetration of hoaxes. Newer categories of operations include ecological terrorism and the still largely potential "high-tech" terrorism using nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons and materials. In recent days, the potential threats of radioactive “dirty bombs” and chemical assisted bombs have been added to the list of possible attacks. A few of the recent suicide bombings in Israel have been augmented with chemical substances. The chemical substances have been unidentified, but are suspected to be insecticides. These bombings indicate that some terrorist actions may be used as tests for a greater, more lethal attack.

The Improvised Explosive Device (IED) is the contemporary terrorist's tactic of choice, which is used more frequently than other types of explosives. IED's are inexpensive to produce and, due to the various detonation techniques available, pose a low risk to the perpetrator. Other advantages include their attention-getting capacity and the ability to control casualties through time of detonation and placement of the device. Two of America's most famous bombings, the first attack on the World Trade Center and the Federal Building in Oklahoma, showed America how dramatic explosive devices could be.

Target selection considerations are equally diverse but include the target's value in terms of its contribution to group goals, its accessibility given group capabilities and the purpose of the attack, such as to gain attention, collect resources, eliminate a threat, or demonstrate a capability. All these factors are reflected in the group's organization and training.

Terrorist Support Structure

For some years security forces categorized terrorist groups according to their operational traditions: National, Transnational, and International. National groups operated within the boundaries of a single nation; transnational groups operated across international borders; international groups operated in two or more nations and were usually assumed to receive direction from a foreign government. Ease of international travel and the growing tendency toward cooperative efforts among terrorist groups have rendered these categories of little use.

Terrorist groups are also categorized by government affiliation to help security planners anticipate terrorist targets and their sophistication of intelligence and weaponry. Three general categories that have gained acceptance are:

Non-state supported. A terrorist group that operates autonomously; one receiving no significant support from any government

State supported. A terrorist group that generally operates independently but receives support from one or more governments.

State directed. A terrorist group that operates as an agent of a government receiving substantial intelligence, logistics, and operational support.

Upcoming Terrorist Calender

12/17/1907

Bhutan

Monarchy Established

Ugyen Wangchuck became Bhutan's first hereditary king.

12/17/1992

Israel, Lebanon

Hamas Members Deported

More than 400 suspected members of Hamas were forcibly expelled from Israel into Lebanon following the kidnap- murder of an Israeli border policeman. The expellees were refused entry into Lebanon and were forced to camp in the Israeli-controlled security zone in south Lebanon.

12/17/1981

Italy

Kidnapping of U.S. General

U.S. Army general James Dozier was kidnapped in Milan by Red Brigade terrorists. The general subsequently was rescued by Italian counterterrorist squads on January 28, 1982 in Padua. Five Red Brigade members were captured.

12/17/1920

Namibia South African Administration

South Africa began administration of South-West Africa under the terms of the Covenant of the League of Nations.

12/18/1914

Egypt British Protectorate Declared

Britain declared a formal protectorate over Egypt that lasted until February 28, 1922, when Britain unilaterally declared Egypt independent in deference to growing nationalist sentiment.

12/18/1958

Niger

Republic Day

12/19

Philippines

Armed Forces Day

12/19/1944

Vietnam

Army Day

Celebrates the founding of the Vietnam People's Army (VPA).

12/20/1989

Panama

U.S. Intervenes in Panama

U.S. military forces intervened in Panama to protect the 35,000 Americans residing there and to install a democratically-elected government. Panamanian strongman Manuel Noriega surrendered to U.S. forces on January 3, 1990 after having taken refuge in the papal nunciature.

12/21/1991

Armenia

Armenia Joins Commonwealth

At a meeting in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan on December 21, 1991, Armenia joined with ten other former republics of the Soviet Union (which ceased to exist on December 25, 1991) in establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States. The Commonwealth is expected to have military and economic coordinating functions and will be headquartered in Mensk, Byelarus.

12/21/1975

Austria

Attack on OPEC Conference

Pro-Palestinian guerrillas attacked an OPEC conference in Vienna, killing three people, wounding seven, and taking eighty-one hostage.

12/21/1991

Commonwealth of Independent States

Founding of CIS

Eleven of the twelve former republics of the Soviet Union met in Alma-Ata, Kazakhstan on December 21, 1991 and founded the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), thereby abolishing the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Founding members were Armenia, Azerbaijan, Byelarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan.

12/21/1948

Ireland

Proclamation of the Republic

12/21/1973

Israel

Geneva Peace Conference Opens

12/21/1948

Nepal

Independence Day

12/21/1640

Portugal

Independence Day

12/21/1988

United Kingdom, United States

Bombing of Pan Am Flight 103

Pan Am Flight 103, outbound from London for New York with 259 people aboard, was destroyed by a bomb on December 21, 1988 while over Lockerbie, Scotland. All aboard the aircraft were killed as were eleven persons on the ground at Lockerbie.

12/22/1920

Burma

National Day

National Day of the Union of Burma commemorates a boycott launched against the Rangoon University Act of the British, which allowed only the rich and a handful of anglophiles to receive higher education. Considered to be the beginning of the National Education Movement.

12/23/1956

Egypt

Victory Day

Celebrates the withdrawal of British, French and Israeli forces from Port Said and the Suez Canal Zone.

12/23/1975

Greece

U.S. Embassy Official Killed

U.S. embassy official Richard Welch was killed outside of his home in Athens. The Greek terrorist organization "November 17" subsequently took credit for his assassination.

12/23/1933

Japan

Birthday of Emperor Akihito

12/23/1976

Philippines

Tripoli Agreement Signed

The Marcos government signed the Tripoli Agreement, which was to provide for greater autonomy for Muslim regions of the Philippines.