Introduction
Introduction
Introduction to A Survey of Terrorism
By Robert T. Thetford
The study of terrorism is a study in contradictions, with nothing being as it appears to be. Terrorism is indeed a “wilderness of mirrors,” where actions do not necessarily square with stated beliefs and where old (sometimes ancient) hatreds overshadow all else.
Perhaps the most difficult concept in the study of terrorism is understanding the definition itself, because definitions vary as widely as the agenda of the writer. Once a common definition is accepted and tested, however, the study can rapidly progress if, and only if, one understands the religious overtones pulsing through most of the active philosophies of terrorist groups throughout the world. This is true operationally, even if not overtly stated, despite the nature of the professed religion, whether it be left or right, state (man-centered) worship or some twisted view of the biblical God.
The study of terrorism, then, is more than a study of assassinations, bombings and groups. It is a study of core beliefs, of religious fervor which drives like-minded individuals to join together and risk their property, freedom and their very lives for the attainment of a goal which, they will freely admit, may not be reached during their lifetime. To work toward such a goal, to have such a single minded purpose which consumes the very essence one's being, permeates the definition of a religious belief.
Many terrorist groups, whether in existence for a few short years or for decades, dwell on ancient feuds and ethnic hatreds. Others, especially those composed of United States citizens, are of relatively recent origin. The United States and its citizens are currently at risk from both types of groups, with the ancient feud groups being primarily foreign, and most domestic terrorist groups (Ku Klux Klan excepted) being of recent history, tracing their origins only to the 1960s.
In addition to exploring the core beliefs and actions of historical and contemporary groups, this study will provide an overview of the various weapons used in the past, in present day actions, and those likely to be used in the foreseeable future, along with the possible effects of these weapons. Finally, various approaches, methods and techniques for combating terrorism will be examined, with advantages and disadvantages of each listed.
Terrorism may not be preventable, but there are definite measures which, if implemented, may reduce either the exposure to terrorist acts or the effectiveness of these acts. These measures involve significant changes in prevailing national policy on both foreign and domestic fronts, and include the possible loss of some freedoms in return for additional security.
Questions:
How much freedom are you willing to forgo in order to increase your own personal security?
How much loss of freedom will the American people as a whole endure in order to insure national security?
Keep these questions in mind as you read through this work. You may just discover that your answers to these questions differ significantly after a careful study of this subject.