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<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=82 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#FFFFFF" FACE="Arial" ><B>Institute for Criminal Justice Education, Inc. (ICJE)</B></FONT><B>     |     </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Institute for Criminal Justice Education"><B>home</B></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id41.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="DUI in Alabama"><B>DUI in Alabama</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="organizational_values.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Values: The Impact on Orgazitional Effec"><B>Values: The Impact on Orgazitional Effectiveness</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id54.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Groupthink"><B>Groupthink</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id55.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Office Romance"><B>Office Romance</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id56.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Search Warrant Alert"><B>Search Warrant Alert</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id57.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Consent to Search Forms"><B>Consent to Search Forms</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id64.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Plain Feel, A Second Look"><B>Plain Feel, A Second Look</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id72.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Handcuffing During Temporary 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  </B><A HREF="id96.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Police Pursuits: Book Review"><B>Police Pursuits: Book Review</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id98.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Police Pursuits: Reforming the Law"><B>Police Pursuits: Reforming the Law</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id103.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Managing Office Politics"><B>Managing Office Politics</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id104.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="K9 Effectiveness"><B>K9 Effectiveness</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id105.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Preventing Workplace Crime"><B>Preventing Workplace Crime</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id109.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Perception and Change in Law Enforcement"><B>Perception and Change in Law Enforcement</B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id114.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Entrapment Problems in Handling Informan"><B>Entrapment Problems in Handling Informants </B></A><B>   |   </B><A HREF="id118.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Terrorism: Target Selection and Symbolis"><B>Terrorism: Target Selection and Symbolism</B></A></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=210 BGCOLOR="#FFCC66" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <B>Click on the name of the article below for access:</B></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><B><U>Back to Top</U></B></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>General Items</B></I></div> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm#alabama_attorney_information" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U>Alabama Attorney Information</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm#check_your_modem_speed_" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U>Check Your Modem Speed.</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm#computer_security_" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U>Computer Security.</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm#grant_money_available" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U>Grant Money Available</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>Investigative Aids</B></I></div> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm#doj_crime_scene_guide" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U>DOJ Crime Scene Guide</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm#fugitive_site__looking_for_someone_" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U>Fugitive Site  Looking for Someone?</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm#gang_graffiti" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U>Gang Graffiti</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm#locating_government_officials__" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U>Locating Government Officials. </U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm#national_youth_gang_center" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U>National Youth Gang Center</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm#_understanding_pyramids_and_other_fraud_schemes" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U> Understanding Pyramids and Other Fraud Schemes</U></A></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <I><B>Legal Resources</B></I></div> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm#new_11th_circuit_case_about_qualified_immunity" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U>New 11th Circuit Case about Qualified Immunity</U></A></div> <div> <U>Ala:-- </U><A HREF="id90_m.htm#parent_consent_to_search_case" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U>Parent Consent to Search Case</U></A></div> <div> <U>Ala -- </U><A HREF="id90_m.htm#search_warrant_problem___incorrect_address_and_failure_to_authorize_a_nighttime_search" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><U>Search Warrant Problem-- Incorrect Address and Failure to Authorize a Nighttime Search</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="id90_m.htm" TARGET="TRLX_Middle" TITLE="Newsletter Archives"><B><U>Back to Top</U></B></A></div> </td> <td valign="top" height=398 width="100%" BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <I>Newsletter Archives</I></div> <bR> <div> <B>Below are listed some of the short articles and links appearing in our free online newsletter, </B><I><B>ICJE NEWS</B></I><B>.  If this information is useful to you, please join our mailing list to receive </B><I><B>ICJE News </B></I><B>every other week</B><B>.</B><B>             </B></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>Click to Join the ICJE:   </B></FONT><A HREF="id61.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="ICJE Newsletter"><B><U>ICJE Newsletter</U></B></A></div> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="computer_security_"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>Computer Security.</B></div> <div> Computers are wonderful tools, but…</div> <div> How many of us have received an unwanted bonus in the form or a virus along with an incoming e-mail message?  Most of the people who use computers to communicate on a regular basis have been exposed to viruses from time to time.  But there are now new threats in addition to viruses which have the potential of harming not just our computer files but also our bank accounts, credit ratings and personal privacy. Any officer who has worked an identity theft case in the past can testify as to how frustrating and time consuming it is for the victims.</div> <bR> <div> Certainly all Internet and e-mail users should have an up to date virus checker. But is this enough?  To find out just how vulnerable your computer is to outside attacks, visit one or both of these sites: </div> <bR> <div> Both offer simulated but harmless attacks against your computer to determine how successful a real attack would be. If you find that your system is vulnerable, you might want to consider installing a firewall program to block future attacks.  Symantec sells Norton Security (not free) at Sams and other retail stores.  Symantec's Website offers a security check at  <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/index.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/index.h"><U>http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/index.html</U></A></FONT>  and another company, Shields Up, found at <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="https://grc.com/x/ne.dll?bh0bkyd2" TARGET="_top" TITLE="https://grc.com/x/ne.dll?bh0bkyd2"><U>https://grc.com/x/ne.dll?bh0bkyd2</U></A></FONT>  also offers a security check.  In addition to checking your computer, Shields Up links to free, downloadable firewall programs which, according to many reviews, are just as effective as the fee based software.</div> <bR> <div> Of course, if you only turn your computer on to check e-mail and rarely spend hours on the Web, the odds are greatly against someone attacking your computer, but if you find yourself increasingly online, and especially if you have a T1 connection, DSL line or cable modem where you are online constantly, adding a firewall should be a serious consideration.</div> <bR> <div> <B>-----------------------------------</B><B>-</B></div> <div> <B>  </B><B> <A NAME="alabama_attorney_information"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>Alabama Attorney Information</B></div> <div> Sometimes it's good to know a little about attorneys in Alabama, and now limited information is available on the Internet at <FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.alabar.org" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.alabar.org"><U>www.alabar.org</U></A></FONT>. If you have an Alabama attorney's name, you can find out the listed address, telephone number and the date they began practicing law (always helps to know the experience level of defense attorneys).</div> <bR> <div> <B>----------------------------------</B></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="check_your_modem_speed_"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>Check Your Modem Speed.</B></div> <bR> <div> Ever wondered how fast (or slow) your modem really is? </div> <bR> <div> Sure, your browser may show the ability to check your modem speed, but how do you know if it's accurate?  For a quick test, check out this site. Note: Once you have reached the site,  click  your refresh button to activate the test.</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://msn.zdnet.com/partners/msn/bandwidth/speedtest50.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://msn.zdnet.com/partners/msn/bandwi"><B><U>http://msn.zdnet.com/partners/msn/bandwidth/speedtest50.htm</U></B></A></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="national_youth_gang_center"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>National Youth Gang Center</B></div> <div> What's going on in America's war against gang violence. </div> <div> Here is a Website giving (almost) everything you want to know, including legislation, initiatives, grant programs and general background. It's the National Youth Gang Center site run by the Justice Department and designed to help law enforcement departments and legislators design and implement strategies to combat this ever growing problem. It is of particular interest to officers who may work in rural areas which have not experienced a great deal of gang activity. Sadly, there is no specific information about Alabama gang initiatives listed in the state pages, but the information overall is definitely worth viewing.  The site may be reached at </div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.iir.com/nygc/maininfo.htm#Task3" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.iir.com/nygc/maininfo.htm#Tas"><U>http://www.iir.com/nygc/maininfo.htm#Task3</U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >. </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="grant_money_available"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>Grant Money Available</B></div> <bR> <div> The National Criminal Justice Reference Center Website has issued a recent report </div> <div> Detailing how departments can apply for grant money from the Bureau of Justice</div> <div> Assistance. This is a site well worth visiting for any department in need of grant assistance.</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/bja/sl000421.txt" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/bja/sl000"><U>http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/bja/sl000421.txt</U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#1A017C" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="fugitive_site__looking_for_someone_"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>Fugitive Site:  Looking for Someone</B>?</div> <div> The most extensive link list for wanted fugitives may be found at the Active Most Wanted  site. This site contains links to Alabama fugitives as well as those wanted in other parts of the U.S. and the world. It is a site worth bookmarking:</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.activemostwanted.com/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.activemostwanted.com/"><U>http://www.activemostwanted.com/</U></A></div> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <div>  </div> <div> <B> <A NAME="new_11th_circuit_case_about_qualified_immunity"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>New 11</B><B>th</B><B> Circuit Case</B><B> about Qualified Immunity.</B></div> <bR> <div> When a Georgia police officer stopped an automobile for a traffic violation and ordered a passenger out of the car, the passenger at first refused to give consent for a search of his person and the officer said, “If you don't want to be searched, start walking." The passenger then consented to a search. No weapons or contraband were found and the passenger later sued the officer for a violation of Title 42 USC Section 1983, claiming that the search was coerced and so unconstitutional. The Eleventh Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the officer was entitled to qualified immunity in this case because there was no case law holding that the officer's conduct was unconstitutionally coercive and a reasonable police officer might not have known that the passenger's consent was involuntary. </div> <div> Note:The test for qualified immunity is 1) a reasonable, good faith belief that the officer's actions were legal and 2) the law is not so well settled that it is an obvious violation.</div> <div> <U>HUDSON v. HALL</U> (10/30/00 - No. 99-8104).  To read the full text of this opinion, go to:</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://laws.findlaw.com/11th/998104opn.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://laws.findlaw.com/11th/998104opn.h"><U>http://laws.findlaw.com/11th/998104opn.html</U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="locating_government_officials__"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>Locating Government Officials</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >. </FONT></div> <bR> <div> One national site that allows searching<FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#003366" FACE="Arial" > </FONT>federal, state, county, and municipal officials by name or title is listed below. You can include a city and state to narrow your search, but don't expect this to find federal law enforcement officers (they normally don't keep a high profile). </div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.findlaw.com/directories/government.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.findlaw.com/directories/gover"><U>http://www.findlaw.com/directories/government.html</U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#1A017C" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <bR> <div> A site that allows a search specifically for the telephone numbers of Alabama officials is found at</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.state.al.us/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.state.al.us/"><U>http://www.state.al.us/</U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="gang_graffiti"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B>Gang Graffiti</B></div> <bR> <div> Have you seen some graffiti in your area recently and think it might be gang related? Look at these sites for drawings and deciphering of Gang Graffiti: </div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.gangcolors.com/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.gangcolors.com/"><U>http://www.gangcolors.com/</U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.streetgangs.com/graffiti/" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.streetgangs.com/graffiti/"><U>http://www.streetgangs.com/graffiti/</U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.teachersworkshop.com/twshop/gang.html" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.teachersworkshop.com/twshop/g"><U>http://www.teachersworkshop.com/twshop/gang.html</U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <div>  <A NAME="parent_consent_to_search_case"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <B>Parent Consent to Search Case</B></div> <bR> <div> In <U>Reeves v. State</U>,  2000 WL 1603658, (October 27, 2000), the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals held that the mother of an 18 year old suspect had the authority to consent to the search of her son's bedroom by police officers. The officers found evidence incriminating the suspect in a capital murder.  </div> <div> Note :  The officers here obtained the consent in writing, so the parent's later denial that consent had been obtained was not accepted.</div> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="search_warrant_problem___incorrect_address_and_failure_to_authorize_a_nighttime_search"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>Search Warrant Problem: Incorrect Address and Failure to Authorize a Nighttime Search</B></div> <bR> <div> In <U>Ex parte Tyson</U>, 2000 WL 1716941 (November 17, 2000), the Alabama Court of Criminal Appeals held that a search warrant which contained an incorrect address but which adequately described the residence searched was valid and the fact that the address was incorrect was only a mistake which did not invalidate an otherwise proper search warrant.   </div> <div> The Court also held that the warrant was valid even though the issuing judge failed to check the box authorizing a nighttime search, stating that the officers had acted in good faith and had met the statutory requirements for a nighttime search warrant. The failure of the judge to check the box was merely a clerical error and so under the Good Faith Warrant Exception to the Exclusionary Rule, the warrant would not be invalidated.</div> <div> Note :  Officers should be extremely careful to check the addresses and other provisions on warrants they obtain in order avoid any errors and subsequent challenges to the  legal sufficiency of their warrants.</div> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="doj_crime_scene_guide"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B>DOJ Crime Scene G</B><B>uid</B><B>e</B></div> <bR> <div> The Department of Justice has made available on the Internet the following publication:  Crime Scene Investigation: A Guide for Law Enforcement.  It is definitely worth reviewing and may be accessed either as a text file or as an Acrobat Document by clicking below:</div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/nij/178280.txt" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/nij/17828"><U>http://www.ncjrs.org/txtfiles1/nij/178280.txt</U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > textfile</FONT></div> <bR> <div> <A HREF="http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/178280.pdf" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/17828"><U>http://www.ncjrs.org/pdffiles1/nij/178280.pdf</U></A><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >  Adobe Acrobat File</FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="_understanding_pyramids_and_other_fraud_schemes"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><B> Un</B><B>derstanding Pyramids and Other Fraud Schemes</B></div> <bR> <div> A good review of how pyramid schemes work and why they are illegal is found at the RCMP site (Canadian law but similar to US law):</div> <bR> <div>  <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><A HREF="http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/html/ecbweb.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/html/ecbweb.ht"><U>http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/html/ecbweb.htm</U></A></FONT> </div> <bR> <div> <B>------------------------------</B></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><U>   <script src="http://hits.icdirect.com/pgTracker.asp?wsID=89&hz=HZ0029&ctr=346"></script> <A href="http://whozOnTop.com"> </A>   </U></B></div> <bR> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>